Medical

A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland. With a goiter, the levels of thyroid hormones may be normal (euthyroid), elevated (hyperthyroidism), or decreased (hypothyroidism).

A highly malignant, rapidly growing type of brain tumor that arises from glial cells in the brain. Early symptoms may include sleepiness, headache, and vomiting. Also called a grade IV astrocytoma.

At first, there are no symptoms. Vision stays normal, and there is no pain. However, as the disease progress, a person with glaucoma may notice the side vision gradually failing.

Glandular fever is infectious mononucleosis. "Mono" and "kissing disease" are popular terms for this very common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

A rare cancer of the germ cells (the tissue that normally differentiates to become the eggs or sperm cells).

The standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (German measles). The MMR vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at 12-15 months of age.

A wart in the moist skin of the genitals or around the anus. Genital warts are due to a human papillomavirus (HPV).

The total loss or absence of a gene. Gene deletion plays a role in birth defects and in the development of cancer.

The return of stomach contents back up into the esophagus This frequently causes heartburn because of irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

A hole in the lining of the stomach corroded by the acidic digestive juices which are secreted by the stomach cells. Ulcer formation is related to H.